New Lists of U.S. State Legal Resources Available on Web

Two new resources provide metadata describing U.S. state legal resources available on the Web:

• 2011-2012 Preliminary Analysis of AALL’s State Legal Inventories

[The American Association of Law Libraries' (AALL’s)] Digital Access to Legal Information Committee and Government Relations Office analyzed 6 primary online legal resources [Administrative Code, Administrative Register, Statutes, Session Laws, High Court Opinions and Appellate Court opinions] included in AALL’s state legal inventories to answer the following questions about each title:

• Is it official?
• Is it authenticated?
• It is preserved?
• Is permanent public access mandated by statute?
• Is there a copyright assertion or other use restriction?
• [...] whether the state is employing universal citation
• [whether the state has] introduced or enacted the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA)

• The Analysis and the data linked from it are not subject to copyright, according to Sarah Glassmeyer.

• State Regulations Online
• This table has been created by the Sunlight Foundation (click here for a description of the table). For each state, the table lists whether the regulations are readable in a Web browser; whether the regulations can be downloaded in bulk; and information about the laws governing online availability of regulations.

HT @sglassmeyer and Matt Rumsey

Colorado Enacts Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act

Colorado has enacted the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA), according to a 27 April 2012 announcement by the Uniform Law Commission.

According to the announcement, Colorado is the first state to enact UELMA, which has also been introduced in California, Connecticut, Minnesota, Rhode Island, and Tennessee.

UELMA is a new, proposed, uniform, U.S. state statute requiring states that enact it to authenticate, preserve, and provide permanent public access to legal information that those states publish in electronic formats.

Professor Barbara A. Bintliff of the University of Texas School of Law is the reporter for UELMA.

For more information on UELMA, please see Professor Bintliff’s VoxPopuLII post, entitled The Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act Is Ready for Legislative Action, and Alan S. Kowlowitz’s recent report, Opening Government’s Official Legal Materials: Authenticity and Integrity in the Digital World.

Mason and Bromby on Electronic Identification, Authentication and Signatures in the European Digital Single Market

Stephen Mason, Barrister, and Dr. Michael Bromby of Glasgow Caledonian University, have published Response to Digital Agenda for Europe: Electronic identification, authentication and signatures in the European digital single market. Public consultation, European Journal of Law and Technology, 3(1) (2012).

Here are the authors’ recommendations:

It is recommended that the EU consider each item [that is the subject of the consultation] (electronic identification, electronic authentication and electronic signatures) separately.

Each Member State of the EU has implemented the Directive on electronic signatures in a different way, taking into account their legal and cultural norms. The way the Directive has been implemented has not caused e-commerce to fail. No evidence has been put forward to suggest that e-commerce between Member States is not effective because of the way electronic signatures are implemented in different Member States. It is recommended that in relation to Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signatures, OJ L 13, 19.01.2000, p.12, the EU either:

• repeal the Directive, or
• alter the Directive to be a Regulation, or
• repeal those parts of the Directive dealing with the technical details relating to advanced electronic signatures and qualified electronic signatures.

For more information, please see the complete article.

CTG Albany on Authenticity and Integrity in Official Legal Information

New from @CTG_UAlbany : Opening Government’s Official Legal Materials: Authenticity and Integrity in the Digital World (2012).  

Here is the abstract:

Increasingly, state governments are moving toward making primary legal materials available online via state government websites. The goal in these efforts, and also the challenge, is to provide users with more efficient access while ensuring that the electronic versions of primary legal materials are as “official” as their paper originals. The desire of state governments to make this a priority is strong. However, they currently lack the necessary policies and management practices necessary for success. State legislators and their staffs, legislative reference librarians, state archivists, and chief information officers all have important roles to play in laying the foundation for these efforts through the creation of new policy, management, and technology capabilities. This brief provides background to the recently approved Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA), explores the concepts behind authenticated electronic materials, defines what it will take to create, maintain, and make available official electronic legal material, and provides recommendations for states.

HT @tpardo

Ching and Feltren on the National Inventory of Legal Materials

Tina S. Ching of the Seattle University School of Law, and Emily Feltren of the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) have posted Protecting Access One Entry at a Time: An Update on the National Inventory of Legal Materials, on the VoxPopuLII blog, published by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School.

In this post, the authors describe the National Inventory of Legal Materials, an effort by U.S. law librarians to create a listing of all legal information resources in the United States, in order to facilitate efforts to authenticate, preserve, and make those resources more accessible to the public. The inventory is related to several projects, including the Law.gov legal open government data movement and AALL’s efforts to authenticate and preserve digital legal information, including the effort to persuade states to enact the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA).

The authors report that at least 7,000 resources had been added to the inventory as of last summer. Among the findings arising from analysis of those resources are that:

• U.S. state governments are not authenticating newly created digital legal resources;
• “Twenty-five states assert copyright on at least one legal resource, including Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island”;
• “Eighteen states require preservation and permanent public access of at least one legal resource, including Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington”; and
• “Ten states charge fees to access the official version [of their legal resources], including Kansas, Vermont, and Wyoming.”

The authors report that the first stage of the development of the inventory, focusing on state legal resources, has been completed. The current stage of the development of the inventory, focusing on U.S. federal legal resources, is currently underway. “Emily Carr, Senior Legal Research Specialist at the Law Library of Congress, and Judy Gaskell, retired Librarian of the Supreme Court, are coordinating this project.”

For more information, please see the complete post.

HT @stephdavidson.

Bintliff on the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act

Professor Barbara A. Bintliff of the University of Texas School of Law has posted The Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act Is Ready for Legislative Action, on the VoxPopuLII Blog, published by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School.

In this post, Professor Bintliff — who is the Reporter for the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act (UELMA) — explains the provisions of UELMA — a new, proposed, uniform, U.S. state statute requiring states that enact it to authenticate, preserve, and provide permanent public access to legal information that those states publish in electronic formats. The statute is intended to “ensur[e] the trustworthiness of online legal resources and preserv[e] … electronic [legal] publications to provide for continuing accessibility.”

The post also examines the policy principles that inform the Act — especially the Act’s “outcomes-based” approach, intended to accommodate technological change and to afford states substantial flexibility in complying with the Act — as well as the origins of the Act in the American Association of Law Libraries’ 2007 National Summit on Authentication of Digital Legal Information.

Professor Bintliff explains that UELMA is scheduled to be introduced into a number of U.S. state legislatures in January 2012.

This post will be of interest to policy makers responsible for digital legal information resources, the government and legal technology communities, the legal community, legal information professionals, and advocates of improved public access to legal information.

New on VoxPopuLII: Walters on The End of Private Copyright in Public Statutes

Ed Walters, Esq., of FastCase, has posted Tear Down This (Pay)Wall: The End of Private Copyright in Public Statutes, on the VoxPopuLII Blog, published by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School.

In this post, Mr. Walters describes the extent to which U.S. state governments and for-profit legal publishers assert copyright in U.S. state statutes, and the problems this poses for due process of law, as well as for competition and innovation in the legal publishing industry. Mr. Walters explains the U.S. legal authorities prohibiting copyright in state statutes. Mr. Walters then proposes an innovative strategy
with which state governments can preclude assertions of copyright in state laws.

In the course of his argument, Mr. Walters notes the recent approval of the Uniform Electronic Legal Material Act, which has the potential to make important contributions toward freeing state statutes from copyright restrictions.

This post will be of interest to advocates of open government data, as well as to government technologists, legal publishers, developers of legal information systems, and all who seek greater competition and innovation in the U.S. legal publishing market.

Martin on Abandoning Law Reports for Official Digital Case Law

Dean Peter W. Martin of Cornell University Law School has posted Abandoning Law Reports for Official Digital Case Law (2011), on SSRN. Here is the abstract:

In 2009, Arkansas ended publication of the Arkansas Reports. Since 1837 this series of volumes, joined in the late twentieth century by the Arkansas Appellate Reports covering the state’s intermediate court of appeals, had served as the official record of Arkansas’s case law. For all decisions handed down after February 12, 2009, not books but a database of electronic documents “created, authenticated, secured, and maintained by the Reporter of Decisions” constitute the “official report” of all Arkansas appellate decisions.

The article examines what distinguishes this Arkansas reform from the widespread cessation of public law report publication that occurred during the twentieth century and this new official database from the opinion archives now hosted at the judicial websites of most U.S. appellate courts. It proceeds to explore the distinctive alignment of factors that both led and enabled the Arkansas judiciary to take a step that courts in other jurisdictions, state and federal, have so far resisted. Speculation about which other states have the capability and incentive to follow Arkansas’s lead follows. That, in turn, requires a comparison of the full set of measures the Arkansas Supreme Court and its reporter of decisions have implemented with similar, less comprehensive, initiatives that have taken place elsewhere. Finally, the article considers important issues that have confronted those responsible for building Arkansas’s new system of case law dissemination and the degree to which principal components of this one state’s reform can provide a useful template for other jurisdictions.

New 2010 Issue: Digital Evidence & Electronic Signature Law Review

A new issue, designated volume 7, 2010, of Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review has been published. The new issue contains many articles of potential interest to legal informatics researchers.

Wash on Authentication as a User-Centric Activity

Mike Wash, Chief Information Officer of the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), has posted Authentication Is a User-Centric Activity, on his blog, The WashBoard.

Mr. Wash’s post identifies key issues respecting the authentication of digital government information — including U.S. federal legal information — and discusses GPO’s approach to authentication.

For other recent discussion of authentication of digital legal information, please see Sean McGrath’s post, Pssst…there is no such thing as an authentic/original/official/master electronic legal text, and Jason Eiseman’s VoxPopuLII post, Time to Turn the Page on Print Legal Information.

HT @propylonsean.